Understanding Sailing Terminology: The Meaning Behind "Starboard Tack" and "Portside Tack"

When you're out on the water, sailing requires a solid understanding of key terminology, and one of the most fundamental concepts is the "tack." If you've spent any time around sailors or have taken part in a sailing adventure, you've likely heard terms like "starboard tack" and "portside tack" thrown around. But what exactly do these terms mean, and why do we use the word "tack"?

What is a "Tack"?

In sailing, "tack" refers to the direction in which the sailboat is traveling in relation to the wind. Specifically, it describes the position of the boat as it moves forward with the wind coming from either the right (starboard) or the left (port) side. The term "tack" originates from the Middle English word "tak," which means to grasp or handle, reflecting the handling of the sails and rigging as the boat changes direction.

Starboard Tack vs. Portside Tack

• Starboard Tack: When a sailboat is on a starboard tack, the wind is coming over the starboard (right) side of the boat. The sails are set on the port (left) side, and the boat is moving with the wind to its right. A starboard tack has the right of way over a boat on a portside tack, according to the "Rules of the Road" in sailing.
• Portside Tack: Conversely, when a sailboat is on a portside tack, the wind is coming over the port (left) side of the boat. The sails are set on the starboard (right) side, and the boat is moving with the wind to its left. On a portside tack, a boat must give way to those on a starboard tack.

Why Use the Term "Tack"?

The use of the term "tack" is deeply rooted in the practical aspects of sailing. It is essential to communicate the direction of the boat and the wind's relation to the sails. Since the wind direction is a critical factor in navigation and maneuvering, understanding whether you are on a starboard or portside tack helps sailors make decisions about steering, sail adjustments, and avoiding collisions with other vessels.

Additionally, the word "tack" also describes the act of turning the boat through the wind to change from one tack to the other. This maneuver, known as "tacking," is a fundamental skill in sailing that allows a boat to zigzag upwind. By shifting the boat's direction, the sails switch sides, and the boat transitions from a portside tack to a starboard tack or vice versa.


Understanding the concept of a "tack" is vital for anyone looking to sail effectively and safely. The terms "starboard tack" and "portside tack" not only describe the direction of the boat in relation to the wind but also play a crucial role in communication and navigation. Whether you're a seasoned sailor or just starting, mastering the concept of tacking will enhance your sailing experience and help you navigate the open waters with confidence.